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usb_hid实验_双向数据传输 [2019/11/29 09:55] zhangzheng 创建 |
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| - | [[http://www.cnblogs.com/xiaomagee/p/5058538.html]] | + | | **银杏科技有限公司旗下技术文档发布平台** |||| |
| + | |技术支持电话|**0379-69926675-801**||| | ||
| + | |技术支持邮件|Gingko@vip.163.com||| | ||
| + | ^ 版本 ^ 日期 ^ 作者 ^ 修改内容 ^ | ||
| + | | V1.0 | 2020-07-04 | gingko | 初次建立 | | ||
| + | |||
| + | ===== 实验十六:USB_HID实验——双向数据传输 ===== | ||
| + | |||
| + | ==== 一、 实验目的与意义 ==== | ||
| + | - 了解STM32 USB SLAVE结构。 | ||
| + | - 了解STM32 USB SLAVE特征。 | ||
| + | - 掌握USB SLAVE HID的使用方法。 | ||
| + | - 掌握STM32 HAL库中USB SLAVE属性的配置方法。 | ||
| + | - 掌握KEIL MDK 集成开发环境使用方法。 | ||
| + | ==== 二、 实验设备及平台 ==== | ||
| + | |||
| + | - iCore4 双核心板[[https://item.taobao.com/item.htm?spm=a1z10.1-c-s.w4004-22598974120.15.5923532fsFrHiE&id=551864196684|点击购买]]。 | ||
| + | - JLINK(或相同功能)仿真器[[https://item.taobao.com/item.htm?id=554869837940|点击购买]]。 | ||
| + | - Micro USB线缆。 | ||
| + | - Keil MDK 开发平台。 | ||
| + | - STM32CubeMX开发平台。 | ||
| + | - 装有WIN XP(及更高版本)系统的计算机。 | ||
| + | ==== 三、 实验原理 ==== | ||
| + | |||
| + | === 1、USB HID简介 === | ||
| + | |||
| + | * USB HID是Human Interface Device的缩写,由其名称可以了解HID设备是直接与人交互的设备,例如键盘、鼠标与游戏杆等。不过HID设备并不一定要有人机接口,只要符合HID类别规范的设备都是HID设备。 | ||
| + | * 交换的数据存储在称为报表(report)的结构内,设备的固件必须支持HID报表的格式。主机在控制与中断传输中传送与要求报表,来传送与接收数据。报表的格式非常有弹性,可以处理任何类别的数据。 | ||
| + | * 设备除了HID接口之外,它可能同时还包含有其他的USB接口。例如影像显示设备可能使用HID接口来做亮度,对比,与更新率的软件控制,而使用传统的影 像接口来传送要显示的数据。USB扩音器可以使用实时传输来播放语音,同时使用HID接口来控制音量,震荡,与低音等。HID接口通常比传统的控制接口来得便宜。 | ||
| + | * Windows操作系统最先支持的HID设备。在windows98以及后来的版本中内置有HID设备的驱动程序,应用程序可以直接使用这些驱动程序来与设备通信。 | ||
| + | * 在设计一个USB接口的计算机外部设备时,如果HID类型的设备可以满足需要,可以将其设计为HID类型设备,这样可以省去比较复杂的USB驱动程序的编写,直接利用Windows操作系统对标准的HID类型USB设备的支持。 | ||
| + | === 2、HID设备特点 === | ||
| + | |||
| + | *1、交换的数据储存在称为报表(Report)的结构内,设备的固件必须支持HID报表的格式。主机通过控制和中断传输中的传送和请求报表来传送和接收数据。报表的格式非常灵活。 | ||
| + | *2、每一笔事务可以携带小量或中量的数据。低速设备每一笔事务最大是8B,全速设备每一笔事务最大是64B,高速设备每一笔事务最大是1024B。一个报表可以使用多笔事务。 | ||
| + | *3、设备可以在未预期的时间传送信息给主机,例如键盘的按键或是鼠标的移动。所以主机会定时轮询设备,以取得最新的数据。 | ||
| + | *4、HID设备的最大传输速度有限制。主机可以保证低速的中断端点每10ms内最多1笔事务,每一秒最多是800B。保证全速端点每lms一笔事务,每一秒最多是64000B。保证高速端点每125us三笔事务,每一秒最多是24.576MB。 | ||
| + | *5、HID设备没有保证的传输速率。如果设备是设置在10ms的时距,事务之间的时间可能等于或小于10ms。除非设备是设置在全速时在每个帧传输数据,或是在高速时在每个微帧传输数据。这是最快的轮询速率,所以端点可以保证有正确的带宽可供使用。 | ||
| + | * HID设备除了传送数据给主机外,它也会从主机接收数据。只要能够符合HID类别规范的设备都可以是HID设备。 | ||
| + | * 设备除了HID接口之外,它可能同时还包含有其他的USB接口。例如影像显示设备可能使用HID接口来做亮度、对比度的软件控制,而使用传统的影像接口来传送要显示的数据。USB扩音器可以使用实时传输来播放语音,同时使用HID接口来控制音量、低音等。 | ||
| + | * HID类别设备的规范文件主要是以下两份: | ||
| + | * Device Class Definition for Human interface Devices | ||
| + | * HID Usabe Tables | ||
| + | === 3、原理图 === | ||
| + | {{ :icore4:icore4_arm_hal_16_1.png?direct |}} | ||
| + | * USB HID设备无需驱动程序,Windows系统自带HID类的驱动程序。通过移植ST官方提供的代码来实现iCore4的USB HID双向数据传输,点击测试软件的灯控按钮来控制iCore4上的LED灯的亮灭,实现下位机向上位机传输数据并解析相应的命令。按下iCore4的ARM_KEY按钮,来测试软件显示ARM_KEY的状态,实现了下位机向上位机的数据传输。 | ||
| + | ==== 四、 实验程序 ==== | ||
| + | |||
| + | === 1、主函数 === | ||
| + | <code c> | ||
| + | int main(void) | ||
| + | { | ||
| + | int i; | ||
| + | unsigned char buffer[64]; | ||
| + | unsigned char send_buffer[64]; | ||
| + | static int counter; | ||
| + | RTC_DateTypeDef sDate; | ||
| + | RTC_TimeTypeDef sTime; | ||
| + | /* USER CODE END 1 */ | ||
| + | |||
| + | /* MCU Configuration------- | ||
| + | /* MCU配置*/ | ||
| + | /* 重置所有外围设别, 初始化Flash接口和ystick. */ | ||
| + | HAL_Init(); | ||
| + | /* 配置系统时钟 */ | ||
| + | SystemClock_Config(); | ||
| + | /* 初始化所有已配置的外围设备*/ | ||
| + | MX_GPIO_Init(); | ||
| + | MX_USB_DEVICE_Init(); | ||
| + | MX_RTC_Init(); | ||
| + | /* 无限循环 */ | ||
| + | while (1) | ||
| + | { | ||
| + | if(systick.second_flag == 1){ | ||
| + | systick.second_flag = 0; | ||
| + | if(hUsbDeviceHS.dev_state == USBD_STATE_CONFIGURED){ | ||
| + | if(counter ++ % 2){ | ||
| + | HAL_RTC_GetTime(&hrtc, &sTime, RTC_FORMAT_BIN); | ||
| + | //获取当前时间 | ||
| + | HAL_RTC_GetDate(&hrtc, &sDate, RTC_FORMAT_BIN); | ||
| + | //获取当前日期 | ||
| + | memset(send_buffer,0,64); | ||
| + | sprintf((char *)send_buffer,"time:%02d:%02d:%02d %02d-%02d-%02d", | ||
| + | sTime.Hours,sTime.Minutes,sTime.Seconds,sDate.Year,sDate.Month,sDate.Date); //打印时间日期 | ||
| + | USBD_HID_SendReport(&hUsbDeviceHS,send_buffer,64); //发送报文 | ||
| + | }else{ | ||
| + | memset(send_buffer,0,64); | ||
| + | if(ARM_KEY_STATE == KEY_DOWN) //判断按键是否按下 | ||
| + | sprintf((char *)send_buffer,"key:KEY PRESS"); | ||
| + | else | ||
| + | sprintf((char *)send_buffer,"key:"); | ||
| + | USBD_HID_SendReport(&hUsbDeviceHS,send_buffer,64); | ||
| + | } | ||
| + | } | ||
| + | } | ||
| + | //接受命令处理 | ||
| + | if(usb_receive_flag == 1){ | ||
| + | usb_receive_flag = 0; | ||
| + | memcpy(buffer,usb_receive_buffer,usb_receive_counter); | ||
| + | memset(usb_receive_buffer,0,usb_receive_counter); | ||
| + | for(i = 0;i < 64;i++){ | ||
| + | buffer[i] = tolower(buffer[i]); | ||
| + | } | ||
| + | command_process(buffer); | ||
| + | } | ||
| + | } | ||
| + | } | ||
| + | |||
| + | </code> | ||
| + | === 2、USB DEVICE初始化 === | ||
| + | <code c> | ||
| + | void MX_USB_DEVICE_Init(void) | ||
| + | { | ||
| + | /* 初始化设备库,添加支持的类并启动该库*/ | ||
| + | /* 初始化设备堆栈并加载类驱动程序*/ | ||
| + | USBD_Init(&hUsbDeviceHS, &HS_Desc, DEVICE_HS);/ | ||
| + | /* 将类驱动程序链接到设备核心*/ | ||
| + | USBD_RegisterClass(&hUsbDeviceHS, &USBD_HID); | ||
| + | /* 启动USB设备核心 */ | ||
| + | USBD_Start(&hUsbDeviceHS); | ||
| + | } | ||
| + | |||
| + | </code> | ||
| + | === 3、初始化HID接口 === | ||
| + | <code c> | ||
| + | static uint8_t USBD_HID_Init (USBD_HandleTypeDef *pdev, | ||
| + | uint8_t cfgidx) | ||
| + | { | ||
| + | uint8_t ret = 0; | ||
| + | /* 打开 EP IN */ | ||
| + | USBD_LL_OpenEP(pdev, | ||
| + | HID_EPIN_ADDR, | ||
| + | USBD_EP_TYPE_INTR, | ||
| + | HID_EPIN_SIZE); | ||
| + | /* 打开 EP Out */ | ||
| + | USBD_LL_OpenEP(pdev, | ||
| + | HID_EPOUT_ADDR, | ||
| + | USBD_EP_TYPE_INTR, | ||
| + | HID_EPOUT_SIZE); | ||
| + | /* 准备输出端点以接收下一个数据包 */ | ||
| + | USBD_LL_PrepareReceive(pdev, | ||
| + | HID_EPOUT_ADDR, | ||
| + | usb_receive_buffer, | ||
| + | HID_EPOUT_SIZE); | ||
| + | |||
| + | pdev->pClassData = USBD_malloc(sizeof (USBD_HID_HandleTypeDef)); | ||
| + | if(pdev->pClassData == NULL) | ||
| + | { | ||
| + | ret = 1; | ||
| + | } | ||
| + | else | ||
| + | { | ||
| + | ((USBD_HID_HandleTypeDef *)pdev->pClassData)->state = HID_IDLE; | ||
| + | } | ||
| + | return ret; | ||
| + | } | ||
| + | |||
| + | </code> | ||
| + | === 4、发送HID报文 === | ||
| + | <code c> | ||
| + | /** | ||
| + | * @brief USBD_HID_SendReport | ||
| + | * 发送HID报文 | ||
| + | * @param pdev: 设备实例 | ||
| + | * @param buff: 报文指针 | ||
| + | * @retval status | ||
| + | */ | ||
| + | uint8_t USBD_HID_SendReport (USBD_HandleTypeDef *pdev, | ||
| + | uint8_t *report, | ||
| + | uint16_t len) | ||
| + | { | ||
| + | USBD_HID_HandleTypeDef *hhid = (USBD_HID_HandleTypeDef*)pdev->pClassData; | ||
| + | if (pdev->dev_state == USBD_STATE_CONFIGURED ) | ||
| + | { | ||
| + | if(hhid->state == HID_IDLE) | ||
| + | { | ||
| + | hhid->state = HID_BUSY; | ||
| + | USBD_LL_Transmit (pdev, | ||
| + | HID_EPIN_ADDR, | ||
| + | report, | ||
| + | len); //通过端点传输数据。 | ||
| + | } | ||
| + | } | ||
| + | return USBD_OK; | ||
| + | } | ||
| + | |||
| + | </code> | ||
| + | === 5、处理命令 === | ||
| + | <code c> | ||
| + | static int command_process(unsigned char * buffer) | ||
| + | { | ||
| + | char *p; | ||
| + | unsigned char hour; | ||
| + | unsigned char min; | ||
| + | unsigned char sec; | ||
| + | unsigned char year; | ||
| + | unsigned char month; | ||
| + | unsigned char date; | ||
| + | unsigned char week; | ||
| + | |||
| + | p = (char *)buffer; | ||
| + | //led灯命令处理 | ||
| + | if(memcmp(p,"led_red_on",strlen("led_red_on")) == 0){ | ||
| + | LED_RED_ON; | ||
| + | }else if(memcmp(p,"led_red_off",strlen("led_red_off")) == 0){ | ||
| + | LED_RED_OFF; | ||
| + | }else if(memcmp(p,"led_green_on",strlen("led_green_on")) == 0){ | ||
| + | LED_GREEN_ON; | ||
| + | }else if(memcmp(p,"led_green_off",strlen("led_green_off")) == 0){ | ||
| + | LED_GREEN_OFF; | ||
| + | }else if(memcmp(p,"led_blue_on",strlen("led_blue_on")) == 0){ | ||
| + | LED_BLUE_ON; | ||
| + | }else if(memcmp(p,"led_blue_off",strlen("led_blue_off")) == 0){ | ||
| + | LED_BLUE_OFF; | ||
| + | }else { | ||
| + | //校准rtc命令处理 | ||
| + | p = strchr(p,'0'); | ||
| + | p ++; | ||
| + | year = strtol(p,NULL,0); | ||
| + | p = strchr(p,'/'); | ||
| + | p ++; | ||
| + | month = strtol(p,NULL,0); | ||
| + | p = strchr(p,'/'); | ||
| + | p ++; | ||
| + | date = strtol(p,NULL,0); | ||
| + | p = strchr(p,' '); | ||
| + | p ++; | ||
| + | hour = strtol(p,NULL,0); | ||
| + | p = strchr(p,':'); | ||
| + | p ++; | ||
| + | min = strtol(p,NULL,0); | ||
| + | p = strchr(p,':'); | ||
| + | p ++; | ||
| + | sec = strtol(p,NULL,0); | ||
| + | p = strchr(p,' '); | ||
| + | week = strtol(p,NULL,0); | ||
| + | my_rtc.set_date(year,month,date,week); | ||
| + | my_rtc.set_time(hour,min,sec); | ||
| + | } | ||
| + | return 0; | ||
| + | } | ||
| + | |||
| + | </code> | ||
| + | === 6、USB HID上位机C#部分源码 === | ||
| + | |||
| + | * 此上位机测试软件使用Microsoft Visual Studio开发平台编写,用于实现上位机和下位机的双向数据传输,部分源码如下: | ||
| + | <code c> | ||
| + | public partial class Form1 : Form | ||
| + | { | ||
| + | usb_hid_class usbhid = null; | ||
| + | bool red_flag = true; | ||
| + | bool green_flag = true; | ||
| + | bool blue_flag = true; | ||
| + | System.Diagnostics.Stopwatch stopwatch = new System.Diagnostics.Stopwatch(); | ||
| + | TimeSpan timespan; | ||
| + | double ms; | ||
| + | double speed_value; | ||
| + | long counter = 0; | ||
| + | int first_run = 0; | ||
| + | public Form1() | ||
| + | { | ||
| + | InitializeComponent(); | ||
| + | usbhid = new usb_hid_class(); | ||
| + | button_red_on.Enabled = false; | ||
| + | button_green_on.Enabled = false; | ||
| + | button_blue_on.Enabled = false; | ||
| + | rtc_button.Enabled = false; | ||
| + | usbhid.DataReceived += usb_hid_data_receive; | ||
| + | usbhid.DeviceRemoved += usb_hid_device_remove; | ||
| + | } | ||
| + | void usb_hid_device_remove(object sender, EventArgs e) | ||
| + | { | ||
| + | //report myRP = (report)e; | ||
| + | if (InvokeRequired) | ||
| + | { | ||
| + | Invoke(new EventHandler(usb_hid_device_remove), new object[] { sender, e }); | ||
| + | } | ||
| + | else | ||
| + | { | ||
| + | MessageBox.Show("设备移除","提示"); | ||
| + | } | ||
| + | } | ||
| + | void usb_hid_data_receive(object sender, EventArgs e) | ||
| + | { | ||
| + | string str; | ||
| + | long cnt = 0; | ||
| + | report myRP = (report)e; | ||
| + | |||
| + | if (InvokeRequired) | ||
| + | { | ||
| + | Invoke(new EventHandler(usb_hid_data_receive), new object[] { sender, e }); | ||
| + | } | ||
| + | else | ||
| + | { | ||
| + | if(first_run == 0) | ||
| + | { | ||
| + | first_run = 1; | ||
| + | stopwatch.Reset(); | ||
| + | stopwatch.Start(); | ||
| + | } | ||
| + | str = usb_hid_class.ByteToHexString(myRP.reportBuff); | ||
| + | cnt = str.Length; | ||
| + | counter += cnt; | ||
| + | if(counter >= 1024 * 1024) | ||
| + | { | ||
| + | first_run = 0; | ||
| + | counter = 0; | ||
| + | stopwatch.Stop(); | ||
| + | timespan = stopwatch.Elapsed; | ||
| + | ms = timespan.TotalMilliseconds; | ||
| + | speed_value = 1000.0 / ms; | ||
| + | rtc_display.Text = speed_value.ToString("00.0000"); | ||
| + | } | ||
| + | counter++; | ||
| + | } | ||
| + | } | ||
| + | private void button_connect_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) | ||
| + | { | ||
| + | int temp; | ||
| + | foreach (string device in usbhid.GetDeviceList()) | ||
| + | { | ||
| + | temp = device.IndexOf("#vid_0483&pid_5720#"); | ||
| + | if(temp >= 0) | ||
| + | { | ||
| + | usbhid.OpenUSBHid(device); | ||
| + | button_red_on.Enabled = true; | ||
| + | button_green_on.Enabled = true; | ||
| + | button_blue_on.Enabled = true; | ||
| + | rtc_button.Enabled = true; | ||
| + | return; | ||
| + | } | ||
| + | } | ||
| + | MessageBox.Show("未发现设备", "提示"); | ||
| + | } | ||
| + | private void button_red_on_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) | ||
| + | { | ||
| + | string data; | ||
| + | if (red_flag) | ||
| + | { | ||
| + | red_flag = false; | ||
| + | button_red_on.Text = "红灯灭"; | ||
| + | data = " led_red_on"; | ||
| + | while (data.Length < 1025) | ||
| + | { | ||
| + | data += ' '; | ||
| + | } | ||
| + | usbhid.WriteUSBHID(data); | ||
| + | stopwatch.Start(); | ||
| + | } | ||
| + | else | ||
| + | { | ||
| + | red_flag = true; | ||
| + | button_red_on.Text = "红灯亮"; | ||
| + | data = " led_red_off"; | ||
| + | while (data.Length < 1025) | ||
| + | { | ||
| + | data += ' '; | ||
| + | } | ||
| + | usbhid.WriteUSBHID(data); | ||
| + | } | ||
| + | } | ||
| + | private void button_green_on_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) | ||
| + | { | ||
| + | string data; | ||
| + | if (green_flag) | ||
| + | { | ||
| + | green_flag = false; | ||
| + | button_green_on.Text = "绿灯灭"; | ||
| + | data = " led_green_on"; | ||
| + | while (data.Length < 1025) | ||
| + | { | ||
| + | data += ' '; | ||
| + | } | ||
| + | usbhid.WriteUSBHID(data); | ||
| + | } | ||
| + | else | ||
| + | { | ||
| + | green_flag = true; | ||
| + | button_green_on.Text = "绿灯亮"; | ||
| + | data = " led_green_off"; | ||
| + | while (data.Length < 1025) | ||
| + | { | ||
| + | data += ' '; | ||
| + | } | ||
| + | usbhid.WriteUSBHID(data); | ||
| + | } | ||
| + | } | ||
| + | private void button_blue_on_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) | ||
| + | { | ||
| + | string data; | ||
| + | if (blue_flag) | ||
| + | { | ||
| + | blue_flag = false; | ||
| + | button_blue_on.Text = "蓝灯灭"; | ||
| + | data = " led_blue_on"; | ||
| + | while (data.Length < 1025) | ||
| + | { | ||
| + | data += ' '; | ||
| + | } | ||
| + | usbhid.WriteUSBHID(data); | ||
| + | } | ||
| + | else | ||
| + | { | ||
| + | blue_flag = true; | ||
| + | button_blue_on.Text = "蓝灯亮"; | ||
| + | data = " led_blue_off"; | ||
| + | while (data.Length < 1025) | ||
| + | { | ||
| + | data += ' '; | ||
| + | } | ||
| + | usbhid.WriteUSBHID(data); | ||
| + | } | ||
| + | } | ||
| + | private void rtc_button_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) | ||
| + | { | ||
| + | string data; | ||
| + | Int16 week; | ||
| + | data = " "; | ||
| + | data += System.DateTime.Now.ToString(); | ||
| + | week = Convert.ToInt16(System.DateTime.Now.DayOfWeek); | ||
| + | data += ' '; | ||
| + | data += week.ToString(); | ||
| + | while(data.Length < 65) | ||
| + | { | ||
| + | data += ' '; | ||
| + | } | ||
| + | usbhid.WriteUSBHID(data); | ||
| + | } | ||
| + | private void Form1_Load(object sender, EventArgs e) | ||
| + | { | ||
| + | } | ||
| + | } | ||
| + | } | ||
| + | |||
| + | </code> | ||
| + | |||
| + | ==== 五、 实验步骤 ==== | ||
| + | - 把仿真器与iCore4的SWD调试口相连(直接相连或者通过转接器相连); | ||
| + | - 将条线帽插到USB OTG; | ||
| + | - 把iCore4(USB OTG)通过Micro USB线与计算机相连,为iCore4供电; | ||
| + | - 打开Keil MDK 开发环境,并打开本实验工程; | ||
| + | - 烧写程序到iCore4上; | ||
| + | - 打开\soft\usb_hid.exe进行验证; | ||
| + | - 也可以进入Debug模式,单步运行或设置断点验证程序逻辑。 | ||
| + | ==== 六、 实验现象 ==== | ||
| + | |||
| + | * 点击测试软件的LED控制按钮,iCore4上的LED灯状态将发生变化,按下iCore4上的ARM-KEY,按键状态栏将显示按键的状态。(如下图所示) | ||
| + | {{ :icore4:icore4_arm_hal_16_2.png?direct |}} | ||